Importance Of Organizational Culture To An Understanding Business Essay

Importance Of Organizational Culture To An Understanding Business Essay Organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations (Schein 1985 and Becker 1982). Organizational culture provides employees with a clear understanding of the the way things are done around here. (Dessler 1976) provides three different approaches to define the culture- structural, subjective and synthetic. The structural approaches define culture as a set of enduring characteristics which describe and organization, differentiate it from other organization and affect the behavior of human resource in it. The subjective approaches analyses culture from the standpoint of the feel that people have for the organization. The Synthetic approaches stress both structural and subjective elements. According to this view, organizational culture is the perceived, subjective influence of the formal system, the informal style of managers and other significant environmental factors on the attitudes, beliefs; values and motivation of people in particular organization (Litwin and Stringer 1986). Organizational culture, therefore, can be defined as a set of attributes which are perceived by the individuals and which are deemed to have an impact on the willingness of the individual to perform at his best. In fact, culture is what one reacts to both physical and psychological and which ultimately determines the quality of the organization. Recent research suggests that there are ten primary characteristics that, in aggregate, capture the essence of organizations culture. (Dwivedi 1995). Importance of organizational culture Every organization has its unique style of working which often contributes to its culture. The beliefs, ideologies, principles and values of an organization form its culture. The culture of the workplace controls the way employees behave themselves as well as with people outside the organization. The culture decide the way employee interact themselves at workplace, a healthy culture encourage employees to stay motivated and loyal towards the management. Employees try their level best to perform better than their fellow workers and earn recognition and appreciation of the superiors. It is the culture of the workplace which actually motivates the employees to perform. Every organization must have set guidelines for the employees to work accordingly. (Feldman 2002) The culture of an organization represents certain predefined policies which guide the employees and give them a sense of direction at the workplace. Every individual is clear about his roles and responsibilities in the organization and know how to accomplish the tasks ahead of the deadlines. Certain organizations follow a culture where all the employees irrespective of their designations have to step into the office on time. Such a culture encourages the employees to be punctual which eventually benefits them in the long run. It is the culture of the organization which makes the individuals a successful professional. (Schein 2010) Example: Haier Such as domestic and foreign, there are many excellent enterprises, their organizational culture is doing very well, not only to become the consensus of their employees, but also become the other signs, such as respect for the spirit of innovation. Haier, the Chinese home appliance industry is rare to challenge the national and foreign investment enterprises, in the course of development in more than 20 years, Haier has to generate distinctive culture system: from concept to strategy, from talent to technology, to the service from the market, Haier innovation not only the achievements of the development of enterprises, and the staff has also been widely recognized. Enterprises have such a famous global brand is to be treated as such: Culture, is an emotion. (Wang 2009) Organizational culture is kind of material culture, when people mention about Coca-Cola, we know that brand, is an emotion; by South Koreas Samsung Electronics, we all know that the brand meaning pursuit of excellence; Haier, we know brand as advocating innovation; Microsoft, we think that brand is the culture of passion .These are the material culture of a reflection of penetrating the space-time, a far-reaching impact.These three cultures, like the three circles, the corporate culture is the center of the circle, always rotate around the corporate culture. Enterprises to improve the overall quality of within growth cohesion, outer increase competitiveness, enterprise development strategies; the role of culture is very prominent. In a sense, the importance of corporate culture even is not limited to the enterprise itself, but also has a far-reaching impact on the community big. After a good corporate culture nurtured the talent, the importance of social self-evident. Body Organizational culture influence on strategic management 1 .Organizational culture is the foundation of strategic management The organizational culture is a spirit cultural, it get the whole enterprise together. As the corporate culture is tested by time, constantly sum up, recognized by the corporate members. It out on behalf of a business, can be said is another sign; inward is the manifestation of the cohesion of the enterprise, but also the belief of all members of the, and it can contribute to all members of the advance toward the same goal. The corporate culture is the culture of an institution. It is precisely because of the constraints of the corporate culture, the enterprise can better together. Under the influence of corporate culture, the entire staff to have a high sense of responsibility and unity, in other words, is to have a strong executive power, and thus protect the high-speed, efficient operation, and achieve a multiplier effect. The same time, in such enterprises, employees and jointly create atmosphere, the launch of products and services with a high added value, and more likely to be accepted by consumers, by the trust. Appropriate organizational culture to the formulation of strategic management, implementation, control the correct guiding ideology and the spirit of enterprise in coordinated with corporate goals, corporate values, corporate ethics and corporate fashion, therefore, the success of the organizational culture for corporate strategy develop successful momentum, is the key to the smooth implementation of corporate strategy, is also an important condition for maintaining the corporate strategic advantage. Maintain the patency of the organizational culture and strategic management, corporate strategic management capacity to continue to improve, and ultimately improve the level of core competitiveness of enterprises. (Thompson and Martin 2005) Example: Samsung Samsung believes that to achieve the common interests of human, and to improve the work of the human quality of life for the Samsung bounden historical responsibility. As an enterprise, Samsung will create the best products and services, so that customers get the fullest satisfaction to improve the human quality of life, promote the common interests of human. (Lige 2012) 2.Organizational culture improves the success of power to strategic management. One of the necessary conditions for the success of the implementation and development of corporate strategy is the construction of the organizational culture and innovation. To form enterprise jointly owned by all members of the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and ethical standards must have excellent organizational culture, and this culture is able to highlight the characteristics of the enterprises. If a business has distinct cultural characteristics, then the particularity performance values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹for all employees, which allows businesses to form distinctive, unique corporate strategy, as well as provided the original impetus for the strategic development, and its success laid the foundation. (Hill 2012) Example: Samsung In order to achieve the ideal contribute to human society, to achieve the goal of creating the best products and services, the Samsung must on the one hand, not only have to look towards looking for more talented people in the world, but also open-minded focus on training around us creative talent on the other hand, to spare no effort to speed up the pace of investment in technology Open upgraded Samsungs technical standards to an international level. (Lige 2012) The significance of strategic management for enterprise. Establish enterprise development strategies, the objective requirements of the socialist commodity economy, the objective requirements of the market mechanism, and the requirements of the survival and development of enterprises. That is to ensure the conditions of the enterprise a decisive role in an invincible position in the competition. (Morden 2007) Planning for the future is the basic function of the enterprise development strategy, business managers must establish a strategic concept, good at predicting the future, thinking about future possible scenarios, and the impact on enterprise development, the development of enterprise program. (Morden 2007) Example Times Group in the direction of development of the planning company in the 1990s, chose the strategy of technological innovation, more than a decade, the company is developing rapidly, and now has 22 subsidiaries across the country, and set up a number of branches in Europe and the United States, the president of the company is believed to be accurate the strategy is the most basic conditions for them to win (Lige 2012) Development strategy in the implementation process, with the changes between the change of system elements, as well as elements of the development strategy must constantly modify and improved. Once enterprise development strategy is determined, all work must be carried out in accordance with the development strategy, its services, all work must reflect the basic idea and the spirit of enterprise development strategies In summary, enterprise development strategy should focus on the global and future; it is related to the survival of the enterprise, only closely linked to the strategic management of the main points from the premise to ensure the safety and scientific enterprises under the conditions of a market economy. The relationship between organizational culture and strategic management The organizational culture guide strategic choices Shared values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and behavior on behalf of the members of corporate culture, corporate mission is one of the core concept of the corporate culture, corporate mission to provide the fundamental basis for the choice of corporate strategy. Each organization should have a particularly different from the reasons for the existence of the other organizations, clear corporate mission, essential for corporate strategic management process for enterprise resource allocation can provide the basis and criteria for which mitigation and coordinating role of the enterprise within the organization has played a variety of conflicting goals for enterprise employees understand organizational goals and direction to provide opportunities to help establish unity and energetic spirit within the organization, the organizations business objectives into specific operational goals and strategic tasks to each employee. (Sheldon and Windham 2002) On the other hand, each industry has its culture, and culture tend to have a more significant difference between the industries, such as the characteristics of the IT industry is more emphasis on a relaxed environment, focusing on the innovation of the employees, focusing on each others exchanges. Every industry has its cultural identity, the basic characteristics of the industry is not going to change until there is no more revolutionary changes in this industry, it is necessary, therefore, the cultural characteristics largely determine the overall business strategy industry choose. The organizational culture is an important means of implementation of the corporate strategy Companies develop strategies need all members of the active and effective implementation. Organizational culture is to inspire people to enthusiasm, an important means to agree with the group members. Organizational culture has the motivate function. Such as enterprise implementation of employee stock ownership plan, the senior management of the stock option system, so to meet the needs of the people of wealth maximization. On the other hand, focus on creating an atmosphere of spiritual and cultural management, team building, and emotional management to meet the people identified by a common mission. (Adler N.J.2008) Organizational culture and corporate strategy must adapt to each other and coordinated An enterprises corporate culture is relatively stable, and therefore, the formulation and implementation of the corporate strategy must be adapted to the existing corporate culture, corporate culture cannot be out of the status quo. From the point of implementation of the strategy, the corporate culture is necessary to the implementation of the corporate strategy, will restrict the implementation of the corporate strategy. When the new business strategy requires a corporate culture associated with it, the the original cultural change speed is very slow, it is difficult to immediately react to the new strategy, when the original enterprise culture may be resistance to the implementation of the new corporate strategy in the strategic management process, internal turnover of old and new cultures and coordination is an important guarantee for the implementation of the strategy to be successful. (Schabracq M.2007) Example The relationship between organizational culture and strategic management -Walmart Walmart focus on people- oriented corporate culture. After decades of development, Wal-Mart has created the extremely valuable enterprise culture, which became the key to its ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. Sam Walton had a paragraph saying: employees to be treated like the flowers and trees in the garden, need spiritual encouragement, promotions and favorable treatment to water them timely transplantation in order to ensure the best mix, if necessary also carefully remove the weeds in the park in order to facilitate their growth.This passage can be described as points to the essence of the Wal-Marts corporate culture Wal-Mart employees as a business partner to be treated on the relationship between managers and employees is also true sense of partnership. Almost all of the Wal-Mart managers have to spend engraved with We care about our employees package buttons, they paid great attention to listen to the views of staff. Truly treat employees as a partner in 1971, Wal-Mart has implemented a policy of profit sharing. Sam Walton believes that if the companies share profits with employees, whether by way of salary, bonus or bonuses, stock discount, then flow into the companys profits, there would be a steady stream. Because staff will use what attitude they treat to management to treat their customers. If the staff treat customer nicely, the customer will satisfied, this is the true source of chain store industry make profit. Now, Wal-Mart has more than 80% of the staff or with the aid of a profit-sharing plan, or direct ownership of the companys stock through an employee share option scheme, which t he company and the employees to form a community of interests, so that the employees are treat the company as their own business, thus, they are work harder and harder. (Ma 2010) Rise in the corporate culture as a strategic The highest state of the industry culture Integration of Form, shaped to include all the external things, including enterprise system, process, strategy, organizational structure, responsibilities and rights system, leadership style, products, etc.Shaped God substandard corporate culture was schizophrenic because the employees do not know exactly what should follow. The highest stage of the corporate culture is to through make up your mind; companies need to pursue the idea of make the culture and strategy together, enterprises should consider how to adapt to each other, including the laws of economics, ethics, human concept, put people through demand for enterprise development and social progress combine to enhance the sense of mission and responsibility. From building a corporate culture to meet the demand point of view of the people, truly reflect the people-oriented. Wal-Mart is the success of the enterprise culture rose to a typical case of the strategy for the development of its chain stores are always output from a large number of corporate culture, each employee must pre understand all the basic principles of the Wal-Mart, the kind of the standardization something rare in the world. (Ma 2010) Conclusion Strategic management and organizational culture are inseparable. They influence each other, the strategy innovation as well as organizational culture synchronization innovation. Organizational culture that is very important, but many companies are just a mere formality, and many companies are fundamentally doing not have culture. At the same time, the enterprise must understand and grasp the complementary relationship between strategic management and organizational culture can help enhance the overall quality and competitiveness, promote access to quality, sustained and healthy development. Enterprises to long-term development, we must have a development strategy, corporate culture and corporate strategy are closely linked. On the one hand a large extent can be said that culture determines the strategy, which can be divided into two levels to recognize ¼Ã…’ one of the level to the corporate mission to provide the basis for the formulation of corporate strategy. The implementation of the corporate strategy of each stage in order to achieve the strategic objectives of each stage of the enterprise, and the enterprise by the realization of the strategic objectives of each stage, the ultimate all in pursuit of the mission of the enterprise. So the corporate culture in the corporate mission to provide the fundamental basis for the formulation of corporate strategy. Strategic Enterprise Management framework, the mission to guide the strategic objectives and strategic goals to guide the entire strategic program is finalized. From another level, each industry there are indus try culture, and tend to have a more significant difference in culture between the industry, such as the culture of the manufacturing sector, there it is the industry itself, in terms of administration, it may be more stringent focus on quality management, production efficiency, discipline, and some emerging industries, such as the characteristics of the IT industry to focus more relaxed environment, focus on employees innovative, focusing on mutual exchanges. Enterprises in developing strategies, especially considering the industry choose, it must be based on the enterprise culture.

Littering of Country Roads

We see the signs everywhere, â€Å"LITTERING IS A CRIME PUNISHABLE BY A MAXIMUM $1,000 FINE OR IMPRISONMENT UP TO ONE YEAR, OR BOTH!† (Litter, 2007). The question in the minds of many of us though is â€Å"Why do people litter and especially along our country roads?† One of the definitions used for litter is â€Å"misplaced trash or solid waster† (Litter, 2007). Research in the area of â€Å"why do people litter† has been completed by several organizations and government entities. I will examine some of the reasons I found in the research. One of the factors noted in the research was just simply lack of knowledge of the environmental effects of littering (Why, 2007). It has been shown in studies that just educating those who litter can make a difference in whether or not they continue to litter. We could speculate that possibly many of those in the country will not have as great of access to the information that helps to create an awareness to the problems littering creates. When litter has already accumulated in an area, research has shown the area to be more susceptible by others to be seen as an easy dumping grounds or an invitation to dump more. One of the reasons they encourage volunteers and regular litter clean-ups is to prevent further litter build-up. Because country roads are less likely in general to be a part of litter clean-ups this can add to the problem. Lack of social pressure to do the right thing was mentioned as contributing to the problem (Why, 2007). This could also be a contributing factor as to why litter is often seen more in rural areas or areas where the population tends to have a greater financial disadvantage. Litter in these areas may not be seen as great a priority as more basic needs and problems in the rural neighborhoods. Another factor was mentioned as there being a lack or an absence of consistent enforcement of the laws against littering (Facts, 2004). Although signs may be posted, if there is seen to be lack of enforcement in backing those littering laws, they will have little effect in that area or neighborhood. This can be another reason why there may seem to be more litter along the less visible and often less-traveled country roads. Enforcement officers tend to concentrate where there is greater population. According to one study, if the people or residents of an area have little pride in their neighborhood or in another person’s neighborhood, they are then more apt to toss out trash in that particular area. It also may be that if my neighbors yard is littered, it is less noticeable when my yard is littered. The country roads and rural areas are generally less noticeable than the city or urban areas. It is no secret that individuals with higher income who live in the suburbs have more income to spend on lawn upkeep and continuous lawn maintenance. Many areas in the country attract those with less income who would have less to continuously maintain their properties and the roadways that run along their properties. Lastly, it may be surprising to some, however, not all people see what they toss out as being regarded as litter. Studies show this is often the case for those who toss cigarette butts out the car window. When asked why they toss them along the roadside, they often respond in a way to indicate they do not feel as if cigarette butts, or some items should be included as trash or littering. However, cigarette butts â€Å"can take up to five years to break down† (Facts, 2004). References 2004. Facts about litter. Department of Environment and Conservation. http://www. Environment.nsw.gov (accessed April 21, 2007). 2007. Litter laws. Official Website of the city of Rock Hill. http://www.gov.pe.ca/ enveng/litter/index.php3?number=61866&lang=E (accessed April 21, 2007). 2007. Why do people litter? Government of Prince Edward Island. April 21, 2007). Wikipedia contributors, ‘Litter’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 24 April 2007, 22:02 UTC, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litter&oldid=126719517 [accessed 24 April 2007]         

Characters in ‘Two Kinds’ Essay

Both, Madame Loisel and the daughter from two kinds, find themselves in similar situations. The situations seem different but in reality they aren’t, as both of them are expected to do certain things, the only different is that the daughter from to kinds in forced to do thing and Madame Loisel just feel like she had to do or to have a certain thing. The difference in the expectations between the two characters, is made by making one character want a certain thing, and the other to be forces to do something. So in other words one of the characters is wants to have certain thing and feels like the society expects the character to have these things. And the other one is made or forces by on other person or character from the story to do certain things, and is expected of certain things. The daughter is the forces character this is because the mother makes her do what she doesn’t want to. Her mother tries to make he a wonder kid and to change the way the daughter is. The mother tries to make her daughter a wonder kid and the daughter starts to respond in a way that she just doesn’t care. Then in some time the daughter be really tiered of the testes that the mother is making her that and the fact that the mother is trying to change her. And so, she starts to take short cut, and with the only intention to stay the way sh e it, the stops listening to her mother, doesn’t pay intention at the piano lessens. On the other hand there is Madame Loisel, which is a character that just feels that it is her duty to be what the society expects of all women. She feels that she has to be in the high class, that she is worth a lot and that all because of her beauty should adore her. She also had an opinion that if she wants something she has to get it or it is the end of the world. In addition, her believe is that her just deserve, also for whom she is, expensive cloths, and expensive necklace. Both of the characters respond very similar to their pressures and expectation that they are faced in the story line. The daughter responds by not agreeing to her mother and by trying to do the opposite of what she is told to do and in addition, she doesn’t listen nor try her best at the test that her mother makes her face. and a bit similar, Madame Loisel responds to  the expectations of society in a way that she just wants something and if she doesn’t get it it’s the end of the world, as if she just is the centre of the world and that she deserves all. So in other words she believes that she is worthy of having the best of the best. Then furthermore, both of the characters change in the end of their own stories. Madame Loisel becomes more realistic about life and gets a true self-esteem for what she had actually achieved. And in addition she loses her opinion that everything that she gets or receives is granted. Then, the daughter listens to her mother in the end of the story and starts playing the piano. As a conclusion both of the characters result in the same position in other words both of the characters are dramatic characters. This is because their view and their characteristics change and became completely different in the end of the story. Madame Loisel changes in a way that she becomes more aver of life and stops taking everything for granted. The daughter also changes to the positive site as she in the end of the story starts playing the piano and in other words listens.

What Centrifugation Is and Why Its Used

The term centrifuge can refer to a machine that houses a rapidly rotating container to separate its contents by density (noun) or to the act of using the machine (verb). The modern device traces its origins to a spinning arm apparatus designed in the 18th century by engineer Benjamin Robins to determine drag. In 1864, Antonin Prandtl applied the technique to separate milk and cream. His brother refined the technique, inventing a butterfat extraction machine in 1875. While centrifuges are still used to separate milk components, their use has expanded to many other areas of science and medicine. Centrifuges are most often used to separate different liquids and solid particulates from liquids, but they may be used for gases. They are also used for other purposes than mechanical separation. How a Centrifuge Works A centrifuge gets its name from centrifugal force -- the virtual force that pulls spinning objects outward. Centripetal force is the real physical force at work, pulling spinning objects inward. Spinning a bucket of water is a good example of the forces at work. If the bucket spins fast enough, the water is pulled into it and doesnt spill. If the bucket is filled with a mixture of sand and water, spinning it produces centrifugation. According to the sedimentation principle, both the water and sand in the bucket will be drawn to the outer edge of the bucket, but the dense sand particles will settle to the bottom, while the lighter water molecules will be displaced toward the center. The centripetal acceleration essentially simulates higher gravity, however, its important to keep in mind the artificial gravity is a range of values, depending on how close an object is to the axis of rotation, not a constant value. The effect is greater the further out an object gets because it travels a greater distance for each rotation. Types and Uses of Centrifuges The  types of centrifuges are all based on the same technique but differ in their applications. The main differences between them are the speed of rotation and the rotor design. The rotor is the rotating unit in the device. Fixed-angle rotors hold samples at a constant angle, swinging head rotors have a hinge that allows sample vessels to swing outward as the rate of spin increases, and continuous tubular centrifuges have one chamber rather than individual sample chambers. Very high-speed centrifuges and ultracentrifuges spin at such a high rate that they can be used to separate molecules of different masses or even isotopes of atoms. For example, a gas centrifuge may be used to enrich uranium, as the heavier isotope is pulled outward more than the lighter one. Isotope separation is used for scientific research and to make nuclear fuel and nuclear weapons. Laboratory centrifuges also spin at high rates. They may be large enough to stand on a floor or small enough to rest on a counter.  A typical device has a  rotor with angled drilled holes to hold sample tubes. Because the sample tubes are fixed at an angle and centrifugal force acts in the horizontal plane, particles move a tiny distance before hitting the wall of the tube, allowing dense material to slide down. While many lab centrifuges have fixed-angle rotors, swinging-bucket rotors are also common.  These machines are used to isolate components of  immiscible liquids  and  suspensions. Uses include separating blood components, isolating DNA, and purifying chemical samples. Medium-size centrifuges are common in daily life, mainly to quickly separate liquids from solids. Washing machines use centrifugation during the spin cycle to separate water from laundry, for example. A similar device spins the water out of swimsuits. Large centrifuges may be used to simulate high-gravity. The machines are the size of a room or building. Human centrifuges are used to train test pilots and conduct gravity-related scientific research. Centrifuges may also be used as amusement park rides. While human centrifuges are designed to go up to 10 or 12 gravities, large diameter non-human machines can expose specimens to up to 20 times normal gravity.  The same principle may one day be used to simulate gravity in space.   Industrial centrifuges are used to separate components of colloids (like cream and butter from milk), in chemical preparation, cleaning solids from drilling fluid, drying materials, and water treatment to remove sludge. Some industrial centrifuges rely on sedimentation for separation, while others separate matter using a screen or filter. Industrial centrifuges are used to cast metals and prepare chemicals. The differential gravity affects the phase composition and other properties of the materials. Related Techniques While centrifugation is the best option for simulating high gravity, there are other techniques that may be used to separate materials. These include filtration, sieving, distillation, decantation, and chromatography. The best technique for an application depends on the properties of a sample and its volume.